March CRF: an Efficient Test for Complex Read Faults in SRAM Memories

In this paper we study Complex Read Faults in SRAMs, a combination of various malfunctions that affect the read operation in nanoscale memories. All the memory elements involved in the read operation are studied, underlining the causes of the realistic faults concerning this operation. The requirements to cover these fault models are given. We show that the different causes of read failure are independent and may coexist in nanoscale SRAMs, summing their effects and provoking Complex Read Faults, CRFs. We show that the test methodology to cover this new read faults consists in test patterns that match the requirements to cover all the different simple read fault models. We propose a low complexity (?2N) test, March CRF, that covers effectively all the realistic Complex Read Fault

Minimizing Test Power in SRAM through Reduction of Pre-charge Activity

In this paper we analyze the test power of SRAM memories and demonstrate that the full functional pre-charge activity is not necessary during test mode because of the predictable addressing sequence. We exploit this observation in order to minimize power dissipation during test by eliminating the unnecessary power consumption associated with the pre-charge activity. This is achieved through a modified pre-charge control circuitry, exploiting the first degree of freedom of March tests, which allows choosing a specific addressing sequence. The efficiency of the proposed solution is validated through extensive Spice simulations

Posttraumatic Stress and Parenting Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation

Maternal trauma has been linked with problematic parenting, including both harsh and permissive behaviors. However, little is known about mechanisms accounting for this association. The current study examined the potential impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotion regulation on dysfunctional parenting behaviors in a sample of community mothers. We hypothesized a mediation model wherein PTSD would be associated with dysfunctional parenting (i.e., lax and overreactive behaviors) indirectly through deficits in maternal emotion regulation. Seventy-eight community mothers of 18- to 36-month-old children were administered the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) and 19 mothers met criteria for PTSD. Mothers also completed self-report measures of difficulties with emotion regulation and maternal laxness and overreactivity in parenting. Results revealed that emotion dysregulation fully mediated relations between PTSD status and lax (but not overreactive) parenting behaviors. Compared to mothers without PTSD, those with PTSD reported greater lax parenting behaviors indirectly through greater emotion dysregulation. Mothers with PTSD may struggle to parent assertively when trauma symptoms interfere with emotion regulation abilities. The current study highlights the need to design interventions focused on helping trauma-exposed mothers manage distress, ultimately aiming to enhance parenting effectiveness and improve child outcomes

Partner Support and Connection Protect Couples during Pregnancy: A Daily Diary Investigation

Objective: The objective of the current study was to examine associations between daily subjective stress and relationship satisfaction as a function of two protective factors—partner support and connection (i.e., intimacy, passion, and commitment)—among couples during pregnancy. Background: Stress brought into the intimate relationship by each partner is often associated with relational dissatisfaction and discord, referred to as stress spillover. Although much research has focused on risk for poor relational outcomes associated with partner stress, it is equally important to focus on resilience. Method: We examined this phenomenon among 154 couples navigating pregnancy. Couples attended an initial laboratory session and then completed daily diary measures from home across 14 days. Results: Multilevel modeling techniques revealed that higher daily subjective stress than usual was negatively associated with relationship satisfaction that day for fathers and mothers, and partner support and connection attenuated this link to a significant degree. As these protective factors increased, the strength of the negative association between daily stress and relationship satisfaction decreased for both parents. Exploratory analyses showed no significant within-person associations between daily stress and next-day relationship satisfaction at any level of support or connection. Conclusion: These findings add innovative components to the investigation of the spillover process, including the examination of this process among couples during pregnancy, utilization of daily diary methods to study this phenomenon on a micro-level over time, and identification of protective factors mitigating daily stress spillover

Latent Classes of Lifetime Sexual Victimization Characteristics in Women in Emerging Adulthood: Differential Relations With Emotion Dysregulation

Objectives: The aims of the present study were to investigate latent classes of sexual victimization among young adult women based on characteristics of their victimization experiences (e.g., relationship with the perpetrator, nature of act, and frequency) and examine differences in dimensions of emotion dysregulation across these classes and among nonvictims. Method: Participants were 491 women in the age range of 18–25 years from the United States; of these, 335 participants (M = 22.0, SD = 2.22) reported at least one experience of sexual victimization during their lifetime. Latent class analysis was used to identify groups of women based on characteristics of their sexual victimization experiences. Results: A 3-class solution was found to be most parsimonious. The classes were labeled as high-severity developmental revictimization (DRV; 43.3%), low-severity child/adolescent sexual abuse (CASA; 20.3%), and low-severity adult sexual assault (ASA; 36.4%). The DRV class reported higher rates of penetrative abuse and longer duration of abuse than the CASA class, and higher rates of injury during assault than the ASA class. Further, the DRV class reported greater difficulties in 3 dimensions of emotion regulation than the ASA class and greater deficits in emotional clarity than the CASA class. Finally, the 3 latent classes reported greater difficulties in at least 4 dimensions of emotion regulation than the nonvictimized group. Conclusions: Findings of different classes of sexual victimization suggest the multidimensionality of these experiences. Results also highlight the potential utility of interventions aimed at improving emotion regulation among women with severe childhood sexual abuse

The Mascs We Wear: Masculinity Contingency and Sexual Bystander Attitudes

• This study found that men whose masculinity is central to their self-worth are less likely to engage in bystander behaviors • Further suggests that gender socialization might predict bystander behaviors in men Future Research: • If this effect is a function of gender, does it still occur within queer, trans, and/or genderqueer populations? • Is there a more ecologically valid way to test these questions? (Virtual Reality Technology?

Borderline Personality Disorder and Self-conscious Emotions in Response to Adult Unwanted Sexual Experiences

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with a proneness to unpleasant self-conscious emotions (SCE). Given that BPD is also associated with heightened rates of SCE-eliciting events (including unwanted sexual experiences), research examining the factors influencing SCE in response to these events is needed. This study examined associations between BPD pathology and SCE in response to adult unwanted sexual experiences among 303 community women. Extent of sharing about and perceived personal responsibility for the event were examined as moderators of the association between BPD and current event-related SCE. Both self-reported BPD symptom severity in the full sample and interview-based measures of BPD symptom count and diagnosis in a subsample (n=75) were associated with greater SCE at the event and currently. Moreover, in the subsample, both BPD symptom count and diagnosis were associated with heightened current SCE only when (1) extent of sharing was low, or (2) perceived personal responsibility was high

Borderline Personality Disorder and Self-conscious Emotions in Response to Adult Unwanted Sexual Experiences

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with a proneness to unpleasant self-conscious emotions (SCE). Given that BPD is also associated with heightened rates of SCE-eliciting events (including unwanted sexual experiences), research examining the factors influencing SCE in response to these events is needed. This study examined associations between BPD pathology and SCE in response to adult unwanted sexual experiences among 303 community women. Extent of sharing about and perceived personal responsibility for the event were examined as moderators of the association between BPD and current event-related SCE. Both self-reported BPD symptom severity in the full sample and interview-based measures of BPD symptom count and diagnosis in a subsample (n=75) were associated with greater SCE at the event and currently. Moreover, in the subsample, both BPD symptom count and diagnosis were associated with heightened current SCE only when (1) extent of sharing was low, or (2) perceived personal responsibility was high

Enabling MSI-Guided Laser Capture Microdissection

Introduction/Rationale: Coupling MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) with Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) allows for precise dissection of tissue regions based on molecular features [1]. Automated methods for alignment of the coordinate systems of the MSI and LCM platforms reduces errors associated with manual definition of ROI’s and increases throughput (a major bottleneck for LCM). Here we present the development of a method to transfer regions of interest from MALDI MSI images to an LCM platform, using consecutive tissue sections mounted on ITO conductive slides for MALDI MSI and on PEN-coated slides for LCM. Methods: The test system consists of a gelatin-embedded mouse liver. 12 µm slices were cut using a cryostat and two consecutive slices were mounted on ITO and PEN slides. The ITO slide was spray-coated with DHB (30mg/mL, MeOH 70%, water 30%, 0.2% TFA) and a MALDI image was acquired with an EP-MALDI source coupled to a Q-Exactive mass spectrometer. The MSI data was imported into MATLAB. The tissue mounted on the PEN slide was stained with hematoxylin and a high resolution optical image acquired using an Aperio Scanscope. The LCM instrument used was an Apotome 2 Axio Observer Z1 microscope equipped with a Palm Robomover LCM system (both Zeiss). Results: An image of an ion with a regular distribution on the tissue is used to align the MS image to the optical image of the hematoxylin-stained tissue section mounted on the PEN slide. The optical image of the PEN slide tissue section is imported in MATLAB and cropped to match the size of the MALDI image. An intensity-based co-registration algorithm is then used to align the MS image to the cropped optical image. The MS image is then rescaled to match to the original optical image. To obtain regions-of-interest to transfer to the LCM platform, the MSI data was TIC normalized and a k-means cluster analysis performed. The image of the cluster of interest was aligned to the PEN slide using the same transformations used for the whole MSI data, binarized and segmented to obtain the coordinates of the vertices of the cluster region. Vertex coordinates were expressed after setting the axes origin to a user-defined reference point on the slide. The coordinates of the origin in the Aperio reference system were then matched to the coordinates of the reference point in the Zeiss coordinate system and the same transformation applied. Coordinates were then formatted as an Element file readable by the LCM and exported as text files. Border coordinates were imported in the Zeiss PALMRobo software and regions of interest automatically dissected. Conclusions/Novelty: The presented method enables rapid transfer of coordinates from a MALDI image to an LCM instrument, increasing throughput and reducing errors due to freehand cutting. The method is applicable to consecutive tissue sections, and ROI’s can be defined either by MSI or via histopathological specification

Is the Risk for Sexual Revictimization Cumulative? A Prospective Examination

Introduction: Sexual abuse during childhood is associated with risk for sexual assault as an adult, known as revictimization. Although multiple experiences of sexual assault in adulthood are also common, it is unclear how risk trajectories might continue to evolve in emerging adulthood, defined as ages 18 to 25. Clarifying risk trajectories is important to inform the development of targeted risk reduction interventions. To fill this gap, we examined cumulative risk for sexual assault in emerging adult women following multiple experiences of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adulthood sexual assault (ASA). Methods: Women (n = 447; aged 18–25 years at enrollment) completed behaviorally specific assessments of unwanted sexual experiences at up to nine time points across 3 years. Logistic regression was used to predict any sexual assault during the 3-year period as a function of victimization history at baseline. A multilevel logistic regression analysis among ASA survivors was then used to determine whether each successive ASA increased risk for further victimization. Results: Extending prior research, findings revealed that the risk for sexual assault during the 3-year study was greater for women reporting more prior experiences of CSA and ASA. Unexpectedly, each ASA increased the risk for a subsequent ASA to a lesser extent among women with more experiences of CSA. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the risk for sexual revictimization can be cumulative, but that risk does not increase indefinitely. Future research should investigate the points at which survivors of multiple assaults may begin to experience a decreased risk for later assaults, as well as the factors associated with change in risk status (e.g., removal from violent environments or relationships, changes in institutional policies). Such research could inform intervention targets